West Africa Faces Volatile Food Prices Amid Insecurity and Economic Challenges-GHANA
A recent report by the Food Security Monitor reveals persistent volatility in food prices across West Africa, largely influenced by insecurity, armed conflicts, and macroeconomic challenges. While countries like Ghana and Togo have seen stable food prices with minimal increases, others, particularly Nigeria, have faced sharp price hikes. Maize prices in Nigeria surged by 11.52% month-on-month from 2024 to 2025, reflecting the broader trend of fluctuating prices across the region. Rice prices also varied significantly, with Ghana recording the highest at $1,099 per metric tonne, while some other countries reported declines or stability in local currencies.
The report further highlights the impact of conflicts and insecurity on food production and pricing. Northern Nigeria faces anticipated yield declines due to ongoing conflicts, while Burkina Faso has experienced delays in rainfall, though later favorable conditions allowed for recovery. Macroeconomic factors, including inflation, currency depreciation, and high fuel costs, are contributing to rising food prices in several West African nations. Despite these challenges, the overall number of people facing insufficient food consumption in the region has slightly decreased by 3.3 million from November 2024 to January 2025, though the situation remains dire compared to previous years.
Seasonal factors are also complicating food security, with many countries entering the lean season earlier than expected. The 2024/25 cereal harvest is nearly complete, with generally average yields expected, although regions affected by conflict, such as northern Nigeria and Ghana, may see declines. The report stresses the need for stronger regional policies to address food insecurity, recommending sustainable agricultural practices, better market access, and enhanced social protection programs to counteract these crises.
The situation extends beyond West Africa, with other parts of the continent, including East and Southern Africa, also experiencing food crises. In East Africa, significant price fluctuations in staple commodities such as rice and wheat further highlight the regional volatility in food security. The report calls for regional cooperation and improvement of trade efficiencies through mechanisms like the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which has already marked milestones with successful shipments such as Nigeria’s first delivery to Kenya under the initiative.
SOURCE: GRAPHIC